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- BUSINESS, Page 51TELECOMMUNICATIONSFailing to Connect
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- A major telephone outage sparks questions about the integrity of
- AT&T's network and its role in air-traffic control
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- The first sign of trouble came at about 5 p.m. last Tuesday,
- when a computer display that monitors telephone traffic at AT&T's
- nerve center in Bedminster, N.J., flashed from blue to magenta.
- Within hours, millions of consumers were seeing red too.
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- The problem: an electric-power failure at an AT&T
- switching center had knocked out the company's long-distance
- telephone service to more than 1 million customers in the New
- York City area. Thousands were stranded at airports and inside
- planes on runways because the outage severed communications
- links between air-traffic controllers and airline pilots. By 10
- p.m., more than 500 planes were on the ground waiting to take
- off at the area's six airports, causing a cascade of delays as
- far away as Boston, Los Angeles, Paris and Amsterdam.
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- The breakdown was the latest in a series of embarrassing
- mishaps plaguing AT&T, the premier U.S. provider of
- telecommunications services. Last year a software glitch at a
- New York City switching center disrupted AT&T's nationwide
- network for seven hours, and last January a repair crew in
- Newark shut down service to millions of consumers and businesses
- when workers accidentally cut a high-capacity fiber-optic phone
- cable. Last week's misadventure will not enhance AT&T's
- reputation for reliability and could persuade some customers to
- farm out more business to the company's rivals MCI and Sprint.
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- AT&T's latest nightmare started Tuesday morning when the
- local power company, Consolidated Edison, struggling to cope
- with rising demand caused by a late-summer heat wave, asked
- AT&T to help out by switching over to its own power-generation
- equipment. AT&T is one of 141 companies in the New York area
- that earn lower electric rates by participating in a voluntary
- power-sharing arrangement. When AT&T's main transmission
- facility in Manhattan switched to its generator, a power surge
- tripped an emergency backup system powered by batteries. Alarms
- were triggered to alert AT&T employees that the backup system
- had been activated, but audio sirens malfunctioned, and visual
- warnings went unnoticed for more than five hours.
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- When the batteries ran down, the resulting power failure
- immediately shut off three huge telephone switches that route
- some 2 million calls an hour. The collapse disconnected the
- area's airports from the Federal Aviation Administration's
- control center on Long Island. As a result, air-traffic
- controllers were unable to track the location of planes, and
- pilots couldn't communicate with the towers, because radio
- transmitters were also knocked out.
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- The FAA contends that safety was never compromised. But
- the episode raises serious questions about the agency's lack of a
- backup system, as well as its overwhelming reliance on AT&T,
- which handles more than 90% of the FAA's communications
- traffic. The outage is expected to revive an FAA plan to spend
- as much as $1 billion on a more reliable, high-tech phone
- system. The project had been vetoed by the General Services
- Administration as too costly.
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- Congress and regulatory authorities are gearing up
- investigations to look into the latest outage. The New York
- Public Service Commission, for one, is probing whether AT&T's
- participation in the power-sharing discount plan was at fault
- -- or is appropriate, given the consequences. AT&T is launching
- an in-house probe. According to the union representing telephone
- workers, several technicians who would have responded to the
- alarms were absent from their posts because, ironically, they
- were attending a class on new alarm systems.
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- By Thomas McCarroll
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